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No. 626,337. Patented lune 6, |899. C'. H. NORTON.

GBINDING MACHINE.

{Application filed Apr. 25, 1898.)

2 Sheets-Sheet I.

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Tue Nanms PETERS ce.. wow-mmc.. wxsnmacn. uy c4 No. 626,337. Patented lune 6, i899.

C. H. NORTON.

GRINDING MACHINE.

(Application filed Apr. 25, 1898.1 f-No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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Ninn STATES PATENT FFICE.

CHARLES Il. NORTON, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE BROWN rh SIIARPE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAIWIE PLACE.

GRlNDlNG-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 626,337, dated J une 6, 1899.

Application filed April 25,1898. Serial No. 678,757. (No model.)

T all wwnt it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. NORTON, of the city and county of Providence and .State of Rhode Island, h'ave invented certain new and useful Improvements in Grinding- Machines; and I do hereby declare the following specification, taken in connection With the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same, to be a full, clear, and exact deio scription thereof.

In grinding-machines Where straight and tapered Work is to be ground to minut-e accuracy it is desirable that the table upon which the head and foot stocks are guided and held x5 be so constructed that the centers Will always lie in the same straight line at Whatever point on said table they may be located. In practice I have found that with the usual horizontal surface for guiding the head and foot stocks zo the area of the guiding-surface or straightedge for maintaining the centers in the same straight line at Whatever point along the table they are situated is necessarily s1nall,with the result that said guiding-surface soon becomes worn, causing errors in the alinement of the centers and consequent inaccuracies in the work. The Wear and errors are increased in cases Where the stocks are drawn against the guiding edge, and in these cases 3o errors may also be caused by drawing the stocks against the straight-edge with varying force, owing to the yielding of oil, moisture, or dirt between the straight-edge and the stock. Moreover, Water, ground particles of steel, emery, or dust are liable to get between the horizontal guiding-surface and the stocks and raise or tip said stocks from their true position, making it impossible to fasten them at diierent points along the ta- 4o ble with suiiicient accuracy. One object of the present invention is to overcome these objections and to provide a guide for the head and foot stocks which shall have a large area for maintaining the centers in alinement horizontally-that is, in the direction in which an error would produce the greatest inaccuracy in the work.

A further object is to provide a means for clamping thehead-stock and foot-stock which 5o will allow the clamping pressure to vary without materially affecting the accurate aline-A Vment of the centers.

other to a certain extent; butin all cases they must be removed and replaced in position in changing the adjustment of the centers for different lengths of Work. Moreover, these guards are not perfectly Water-tight, and a small amount of water and dirt Works through upon the grinding-surfaces and is liable to 7o destroy the accuracy of the centers when they are adjusted for a dii'lerent length of Work.

A further object of the invention is accordingly to provide a table so constructed that the guiding-surfaces are fully protected from Water and dirt without the use of guards, which must be removed and replaced for different lengths of Work.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for obtaining accurate adjustment 8o of the slide upon which the grinding-wheel is mounted. In machines for accurate grinding this slide must be moved in ordinary use as littleas one-eighth of one-thousandth of an inch and many times as little as one-twentieth ot' one-thousandth of an inch, and these small adjustments, as Well as the larger adjustments, must be made accurately and be maintained, as any error in adjustment of the slide produces double such error in the Work. 9o The slide must also be heavy to prevent vibration of the revolving wheel, and to move this heavy weight the small amounts necessary for accuracy of Work requires that all conditions of friction and oil be the best and that there be no torsion in the connections between the indexinguvheel and the slide ou which the grinding-Wheel is mounted. Even in cases Where by rea-son of favorable conditions and great care the required accurate roo a definite amount by the aid of the indexwheel with its graduations it is nearly impossible to find the exact point where all backlash is taken up and the slide really begins to move.

I have found byex-perim ent that even when all connections between the grinding-wheel slide and index-wheel are the best yet the oil ou the revolving and thrust bearings of these connections will yield and store up energy .enough to cause a horizontal'slide to move uncertain amounts even though the sliding contact be very loose and the slide is floating freely on the best oil. In such a case also jars usually cause those slight movements of the slide toward the work which result in the errors above referred to.

As far as I know, previous to my invention all grinding-machines were subject to the errorsand objections referred to, which it is one of the objects of my invention to overcome. Thi'sl have accomplished by placing the grinding-.wheel slide upon an incline sufficient to cause itto slid-e down the incline by gravity even When the conditions of friction and oil arel not the best. With this construction a part-of the weight of the slide is transferred from the sliding surface to the bearings of themovin g connections,wl1ere it ismore easily carried, and the friction upon the sliding surface is reduced. Moreover, with this construction-the slide rests firmly upon its moving-mechanism, and it is possible to allow the sliding contact betweenthe slide and its support to be very loose and to float the slide freely upon oil, and a jar can cause no movement of the slide toward the work. The torsion of the'connections, moreover, remains practically wound-up or constant, so that any perceptible movement of the index wheel either way is followedl lby a correspondingmovement of the slide. I find with this construction I` am, enabled to grind duplicate work within .narrow limits of accuracy Without any skill or caution lexcept toplace theindeX-Wheel at the proper graduation, thus making it possible for accurate work to be done by relatively-unskilled labor and also making it possible to use automatic graduatingorfeeding devices for the slide.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for carrying a bearing block which may be readilypswung into or out of operative position and which does not interfront end. With this construction the front end of the arm may be swung up out of the way when not in use or when the work is to be changed and is always in position where it can be readily and quickly swung into p0- sition to bring the bearing-block against the work in front of the grinding-wheel. Moreover, by thus mounting the bearing-block the use of a water-guard is not interfered with nor is the swing of the machine reduced, as would be the casewith an arm extending below the Work.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a front elevation showing a grinding-machine embodying the various features of invention in their preferred form, and Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view. Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing the overhanging arm and its supporting-bracket. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the same, and Fig. 5 is a sectional detail showing the means for clamping the stocks in position.

Theframe l of the machine is provided with j ways 2, on which is guided the longitudinallymovable bed 3.

The bed may be operated to carry the Work across the face of the grinding-wheel 4 by any suitable and well-known mechanism. The table for supporting and carrying the head and foot stocks is mounted l ou the bed 3 and is preferably connected therewith by a pivot 6, so that said table may be adjusted for either straight or taper work in a well-known manner. The table is substantially triangular in cross-section and is provided with a base 7, which rests upon the upper surface of the bed V3, an upwardly-.extending front side 8, and a rear side 9, upon which is formed a longitudinally-extending way 10. The face 11 of this way is substantially vertical, and said way is provided with anupper beveled edge 13 and a lowerbeveled edge '14. The head-stock l5 and the footstock I6 are mounted upon the Way 10 and are provided with shoulders 17, which engage the upper beveled edge 13, and bearingfaces 1:8, which engage the face 1l of said way. The head and foot stocks are also provided with clamping-jaws 19, which are drawn against the lower beveled edge 14 lby bolts 2O and nuts 21 and serve to secure the stocksin position on the way;

The head and tail-stocks extend forward i over the upper edge of the table and preferthe work will not strike the said way, but will run down the side 8 of the table and fall into IIO ITS

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the trough 22. In order to prevent any water or grit thrown off by the work or grindingwheel from falling on the way IO, the front side 8 of thetableis preferably extended over and beyond the rear side, so that the upper edge over-hangs the rear side and effectively shields the way l0. By thus forming the table so that it is substantially triangular in crosssection not only is a permanent water-guard provided for the way on which the head and tail stocks are mounted, but the shape ofthe table is such that it will resist strains by which the tables ordinarily used would be deflected from a straight line.

By mounting the head and tail stocks upon a substantially vertical way it. will be seen that a broad bearing-surface is provided for maintaining the alinement of the centers in the direction in which an error will produce the greatest inaccuracy in the work. Thus it will he apparent that any movement of a center out of line horizontally will resultY in double the error in the work, while anyslight movement out of line vertically will not materially affect the accuracy of the grinding. IVith the vertical way having a broad bearing-face alinement horizontally is more accurately maintained than heretofore.

By providing the way with beveled edges and using a clamp for enga-ging one of said edges the pressure of the clamp on the beveled edge may vary without materially affecting the pressure between the broad faces of the stock and way and the danger of error due to unequal pressure upon the oil between said. surfaces is prevented.

The form of table shown combines all the advantages above set forth; but it will be understood that tables may be designed which will embody some of said advantages without embodying all and that such tables would be within my invention, the various features of which are not limited in their scope to constructions in which all said features are present.

The grinding-wheel -tis mounted in the slide in any well-known manner. The slide is mounted on an inclined way 2l, carried by the frame I, the inclination of the way being such that the slide will move down the way by gravity. A rack 25 is secured to the under side of the slide and is engaged by a gear 26, which meshes with agear27, secured to a short shaft 2S. A worm-wheel 29 is also secured to shaft 28 and is engaged by a worm 30, secured toa transverse shaft 3l, provided with a hand-wheel 32 at the front of the machine. An index-wheel is secured to the shaft 3l and turns under a pointer 8l, secured to the frame. The functions effected by mounting the grinding-wheel slide upon an inclined way have already been fully set forth and need not be here repeated.

It will be understood that any suitable means may be employed for operating the grinding-wheel slide and that the invention is not limited to the mechanism shown for that purpose. In order that the machine may be adapted for taper-work, it is necessary that the axis of the grinding-wheel and the axis of the work should remain in the same plane whether they are parallel or at an angle to each other and whatever the position of the grindingwheel slide upon its way. Means are therefore provided for maintaining the work-supporting centers and the axis of the grinding-wheel in the saine plane. In the construction shown this is accomplished by providing the bed on which the work-supporting table rests with an inclined upper surface parallel to the way on which the grinding-slide'is supported.

An arm 35 is mounted in a bearing 36,formed in a bracket 40, which is secured to the support on which the grinding-wheel slide is mounted and bears a fixed relation to the ways on which said slide is mounted. The front end of the arm when in operative position extends over and downward in front of the workcenters and is provided with guides 41 for supporting and guidinga bearing-block 3 7, which may be adjusted in said guides by a screw 42. The overhanging arm may be clamped in its bearing by any means, as by the binding-bolt 43. Vhen the bearing-block is in use, the arm is swung down into the position shown in Figs. 3 and el, with the bearing-block in position in front of the grinding-wheel, and said block is adjusted by the screw 42 to engage and steady the work 4:4. When the bearing-block is not in use or when the work is to be changed, the arm may be swung up out of the way, but where it may be quickly and conveniently thrown into operative position.

A tool-socket 3S is preferably formed on the foot-stock, in which socket a truing-tool may be held by a set-screw 39 and the grindingwheel sharpened or trued without removing the work from the centers.

Vhile the invention has been shown and described in connection with a machine in which the work is fed across the face of the grinding-wheel and in which the work-centers are adjusted fortaper-work, it will be understood that the invention may be applied to those machines in which the grinding-wheel travels longitudinally or to those in which the grinding-wheel travels and in which the longitudinal ways for guiding the grinding-wheel support are adjusted for taper-work.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a grinding-machine, the combination with the grinding-wheel support, of a support for the head and foot stocks having an upwardly-extending front side, a way upon the rear side of said support, and head and foot stocks mounted on said way and extending forward over the upper edge of the support, and carrying centers located vertically above the front side, substantially as described.

2. In a grindingmachine, the combination with the grinding-wheel support, of a support for the head and foot stocks having an uplOO IIO

wardl'y-extending front side provided-with an 1 overhanging upper edge, away upon the rear l side of the support under said overhanging` edge, and headand foot stocks `mountedon said way and extending forward rover said:`

edge, substantially as described.

table, substantially as described..

4.'. In a grinding-machine, thefcombination with the grinding-wheelsupport, of a table having an upwardly-extending vfron-t side,va substantially vertical way upon the rear side vof said'table having upperand lower beveled edgesgandhead and foot stocks mountediupon said `way, substantiallyas described.

.5. In a grinding-machine, the/combination with `the grinding-wheel'support, of a table having anupwardly-extending-front.sidegprovidedwith an overhanging upper edge, a Way upon-therear side ofthe table undersad over; hanging edge, andhead and footstocksmou nted on said way and extending over and below said upper edge, substantially as described.

`6. In a grinding-machine, thecombination` with the grinding-wheel support, of a table substantially triangular in cross-section., a.

substantially vertical longitudinal Wayon the stocks mounted on said way, substantially as` described. p

7 In agrinding-machine, the combination with the grinding-Wheel support, of atable substantially triangular in cross-section., and having the front side extending over -and abovev the rear side, a longitudinal way upon the rear side of said table, and `headand foot stocks mounted on saidway, substantially as described.

' In a grinding-'mae'hinay the combination with the grinding-wheel support, of a table substantially triangular in #cross-section, a.

longitudinal Way upon the rear side of said' table, andhead and footstocksmounted upon said way and extending forward over the upper edge of the table and carrying centers located vertical-ly over the front side, substantially as described.

9. In a grinding-machine, thecombination with the grinding-wheel support, `of a table substantially triangular in cross-section and having the front side extending over and above the rear side, a longitudinal Way upon the rear'side of said table, and head and vfoot stocks -mounted upon said way and extending forward over the upper edge of thetable, substantially as described.

10. Ina grinding-machine, the combination l with the, vgrinding-wheel support, 4of a table substantially triangular in cross-section and having the front 'side extending over and above the rear side, a llongitudinal way -upon `the rear side, head and foot stocks mounted upon saidway, and extending over and below the upper edge of the table, substantially as described.

1 1. Ina grindingmachine, the combination with the grinding-Wheel support, rof a table, a substantially vertical way extending lon gitudinally of said table, and head and foot kstoeksmounted upon said way, substantially as described.

12. In agrinding-machine, thecombination with the grinding-wheel support, of a table,

a substantially vertical way extending longitudinally of said table and having upper and lower beveled edges, head and foot stocks mounted upon said Way, and clamps upon said ihead and footstocks for engaging the lower beveled edge, substantially as described.

13. i Ina grinding-machine, the combination with the headand foot stocks for the workcenters, of a grinding-wheel slide, an inclined wayupon which said slideis mounted, means for moving said slide on said way, and means for maintaining the work-centers and the axis of Athe grinding-wheel in a plane parallel to said way, substantially as described.

14. In agrinding-mac'hine, the combination 4of a grinding-wheel slide, an inclined way f upon which said slide is mounted means for f moving said slide on said way, a bed having 1 an upper surface parallel to said way, a table l pivoted upon said surface and head and foot rear side of said table, and head -and.footp 1 described.

stocks mounted on said table, substantially as 15. In a grinding-machine, the combination :of agrinding-wheel slide mounted onan in- Qclined Way, means for moving said slide on said way, a bed `having an upper surfaceiparlallel to said way, a table substantially trian- .j'gular in cross-section pivoted on said upper Ajsurt'ace,.a way on the rear side of said table, :and head and foot stocks mounted on said jwayand extending forward over the upper i edge of said table, substantially as described.

16. In a grinding-machine, the combination with a table, head and .foot stocks supported on said table, a grinding-wheel slide, an overhanging arm mounted in the rear of work-cen y ters and. having its front end located in front of said centers and a bearing-'block carried by A said arm, substantially as described.

17. In a grinding-machine the combination with a table, head and foot stocks supported on said table, a grinding-wheel slide, a bear- @ing in the rear oi' the head and foot stocks and in fixed relation to the support for the .grinding-wheel slide, an arm mounted in said CHARLES II. NGRTON.

Witnesses:

W. H. TaURsToN, IRA L. FISH.

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